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All about
Metal Surface Cleaning
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Home > Parts cleaning > Materials
Materials
In the CLEANTOOL database you will find the following materials,
which are here briefly described. If you want to check on the
related data sets you have to use the navigation link "Database"
on the left side and select the respective material in the search
tool.
A priced material database can be tested as demo or limited
searchable version under: http://www.wiam.de
Iron
Chemical Symbol Fe. Element No. 26 of the periodic system Atomic
weight 55.85. A magnetic silver-white metal of high tensile
strength ductile and malleable. Melting point of pure iron about
2795°F. Chemically iron is chiefly base forming. The principal
forms of commercial iron are steel, cast iron and wrought iron.
[1]
Mild steel
Alloy of iron and carbon. Carbon content 0.15 – 0.3 %. Malleable
and ductile. Uses: General engineering, nuts, bolts, screws,
tubes [7]
Medium carbon steel
Alloy of iron and carbon. Carbon content 0.4 – 0.6 %. Tough
rather than hard. Uses: Heavy forgings, axles, steel rails [7]
High carbon steel
Alloy of iron and carbon. Carbon content 0.7 – 1.5 %. Malleable,
can be hardened and tempered, easily forged. Uses: Files, chisels,
saws, taps, dies, lathe tools, etc. [7]
High speed steel
High carbon steel plus nickel or cobalt, chromium or tungsten.
Brittle, withstands high temperatures without losing hardness,
can be hardened and tempered. Uses: Lathe and machine tools,
drills. [7]
Cast iron
Alloy of iron and carbon. Carbon content about 4 %. Brittle,
cannot be forged, casts well, strong in compression, weak in
tension. Uses: Machine bases, surface plates, vice bodies, lathe
parts, cylinder blocks, piston rings [7]
Cast Steel
Any object made by pouring molten steel into molds. [1]
Alloy
Metal prepared by adding other metals or non-metals to a basic
metal to secure desirable properties. [1]
Brass
Strip. 70% copper 30% zinc. This is one of the most widely used
of the copper-zinc alloys. It is malleable and ductile. Excellent
cold-working. Poor hot working and poor machining properties.
Not heat treatable for purposes of hardness development. Develops
high tensile strength with cold-working. Temper is impaired
by cold rolling and classified in hardness by the number of
B & S Gages of rolling (reduction in thickness) from the previous
annealing gage. Rated excellent for soft-soldering. Good for
silver alloy brazing or oxyacetylene welding and fair for resistance
of carbon arc welding. Used for drawn cartridges, tubes, eyelet
machine items, snap fasteners, etc. [1]
Brass yellow
Strip. 65% copper and 35% zinc. Known as "High Brass" or "Two
to One Brass." A copper-zinc alloy yellow in color. Formerly
widely used but now largely supplanted by Cartridge Brass. [1]
Nickel
Chemical symbol Ni. Element No. 28 of the periodic system. Atomic
weight 58.69. Silvery white, slightly magnetic metal, of medium
hardness and high degree of ductility and malleability and resistance
to chemical and atmospheric corrosion. Melting point 2651°F.
Boiling point about 5250°F., specific gravity 8.90. Used for
electroplating. Used as an alloying agent, it is of great importance
in iron-base alloys in stainless steels and in copper-base alloys
such as Cupro-nickel, as well as in nickel-base alloys such
as Monel Metal. Its principal functions as an alloy in steel
making: (1) Strengthens unquenched or annealed steels. (2) Toughens
pearlitic-ferritic steels (especially at low temperature). (3)
Renders high-chromium iron alloys austenitic [1]
Copper
Chemical symbol Cu. Element No. 29 of the periodic system, atomic
weight 63.57. A characteristically reddish metal of bright luster,
highly malleable and ductile and having high electrical and
heat conductivity; melting point 1981°F. Boiling point 4237°F.
Specific gravity 8.94. Universally used in the pure state as
sheet, tube, rod and wire and also as alloyed by other elements
[1]
Aluminium
Chemical symbol Al Element No. 13 of the periodic system; Atomic
weight 26.97; silvery white metal of valence 3; melting point
1220°F.; boiling point approximately 4118°F.; ductile and malleable;
stable against normal atmospheric corrosion, but attacked by
both acids and alkalis. Aluminium is used extensively in articles
requiring lightness, corrosion resistance, electrical conductivity,
etc. [1]
Chromium
Chemical symbol Cr. Element No. 24 of the periodic system. Atomic
weight 52.01. It is of bright silvery color, relatively hard.
It is strongly resistant to atmospheric and other oxidation.
It is of great value in the manufacture of Stainless Steel as
an iron-base alloy. Chromium plating has also become a large
outlet for the metal. Its principal functions as an alloy in
steel making; (1) increases resistance to corrosion and oxidation
(2) increases hardenability (3) adds some strength at high temperatures
(4) resists abrasions and wear (with high carbon). [1]
Alloy Steel
Steel containing substantial quantities of elements other than
carbon and the commonly-accepted limited amounts of manganese,
sulfur, silicon, and phosphorous. Addition of such alloying
elements is usually for the purpose of increased hardness, strength
or chemical resistance. The metals most commonly used for forming
alloy steels are: nickel, chromium, silicon, manganese, tungsten,
molybdenum and vanadium. "Low Alloy" steels are usually considered
to be those containing a total of less than 5% of such added
constituents. [1]
Stainless Steel (Chromium-Nickel Steel)
Steel usually made by the electric furnace process in which
chromium and nickel participate as alloying elements. The stainless
steel of 18% chromium and 8% nickel are the better known of
the chromium-nickel types [1]
Nickel Steel
Steel containing nickel as an alloying element. Varying amounts
are added to increase the strength in the normalized condition
to enable hardening to be performed in oil or air instead of
water. [1]
Aluminium Killed Steel
A steel where aluminum has been used as a deoxidizing agent
[1]
Zinc
Chemical Symbol Zn. Element No. 30 of the periodic system. Atomic
weight 65.38. Blue-white metal; when pure, malleable and ductile
even at ordinary temperatures; melting point 419.58°C., boiling
point 908.5°C., specific gravity 7.14. It can be electrodeposited
and is used extensively as a coating for steel. Zinc finds many
outlets, such as dry batteries, etc. Zinc-base alloys are of
great importance in die casting. Its most important alloy is
brass. [1]
Galvanisation
Coating steel with zinc and tin (principally zinc) for rustproofing
purposes. Formerly for the purpose of galvanizing, cut length
steel sheets were passed singly through a bath of the molten
metal. Today's galvanizing processing method consists of uncoiling
and passing the continuous length of successive coils either
through a molten bath of the metal termed Hot Dipped Galvanizing
or by continuously zinc coating the uncoiled sheet electrolytically
- termed Electro-Galvanizing. [1]
Aluminium alloy characteristics
1) Highest operating temperatures, 2) Outstanding corrosion
resistance, 3) Light weight, 4) Very good strength and hardness,
5) Good stiffness and strength-to-weight ratio, 6) Excellent
EMI shielding properties, 7) Excellent thermal conductivity,
8) High electrical conductivity
Example of aluminium alloys: series 2000 (??) includes aluminium-copper
alloys. [2]
Zinc alloy characteristics
1) High strength and hardness, 2) Excellent electrical conductivity,
3) High thermal conductivity, 4) Lowest cost raw material, 5)
High dimensional accuracy and stability, 6) Excellent thin wall
capability, 7) Ability to cold form, which eases joining, 8)
High quality finishing characteristics, 9) Outstanding corrosion
resistance, 10) Full recyclability
Example of zinc alloys: alloy ZA 8 (ASTM) with properties: Density
lb./cu. In: 0.227, Melting Range - o F: 707 – 759, Brinell Hardness:
95 – 110. [3]
Nickel alloys
Example of nickel alloys: alloy 400, A Nickel-Copper Alloy with
high strength, excellent corrosion resistance and toughness
or a wide temperature range. Highly resistant to corrosion by
chlorinated solvents, glass-etching agents, sulfuric acid rical
and most alkalies. can be useful in oxidizing atmospheres to
1000f. Some common uses of this alloy are in valves, pumps,
pump and propeller shafts, marine fixtures, electrical and electronic
components, process equipment, petroleum refining and production
equipment, heat exchangers. [4]
Glass
A transparent, hard, amorphous, brittle substance which is made
by fusing together one or more of the oxides of silicon, boron,
or phosphorus, with certain basic oxides (e.g., sodium, magnesium,
calcium, potassium), and cooling the product rapidly to prevent
crystallization or devitrification. The melting point varies
between 800°C and 950°C but it is worked at higher temperatures.
The tensile strength of glass resides almost entirely in the
outer skin; if this is scratched or corroded, the glass is much
more easily broken.[5]
Plastic
A material that contains as an essential ingredient one or more
organic polymeric substances of large molecular weight. It is
solid in its finished state and, at some stage in its manufacture
or processing into finished articles, can be shaped by flow.
[6] Any of various organic compounds produced by polymerization,
capable of being molded, extruded, cast into various shapes
and films, or drawn into filaments used as textile fibers [5]
Ceramic
A product made from clay or glass. It has the ability to retain
its shape when heated in contrast with metal, which expands
when heated. [6] Any of various hard, brittle, heat-resistant
and corrosion-resistant materials made by shaping and then firing
a nonmetallic mineral, such as clay, at a high temperature.
[5]
Rubber
A yellowish, amorphous, elastic material obtained from the milky
sap or latex of various tropical plants, especially the rubber
tree, and vulcanized, pigmented, finished, and modified into
products such as electric insulation, elastic bands and belts,
tyres, and containers. Also called caoutchouc, India rubber.
[5]
Referenzen (2003)
1) http://www.steelmill.com/dictionary/dictionaryofmetallurgyNR.html
2) http://www.elval.gr
3) http://www.purityzinc.com/alloys.html
4) http://www.falcon-metals.com/Nickel/NickelCharacteristics.htm
5) http://www.bartleby.com/61/
6) http://100megsfree4.com/dictionary/car-dicw.htm
7) "Metalwork Technology", Strefford, McMurdo, Schofiled & Sims
Ltd., 1985
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